Colby Smith ‘23 Raptor Cognition via the String-Pulling Task
One group of animals whose cognition remains understudied are the birds of prey. Due to the difficulties of finding enough subjects to test, few studies have examined these animals performances on cognitive tasks. The string-pulling task is a common cognitive task used to judge factors of cognition such as learning over time, means-end analysis, and insight problem solving. Previous research has examined string-pulling in only a few species of raptor such as the Harris’s Hawk, Great Grey Owl, and Turkey Vulture. We tested seven raptor species (Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura), Barn Owl (Tyto alba), Western Screech Owl (Megascops kennicottii), Eastern Screech Owl (Megascops asio), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Swainson’s Hawk (Buteo swainsoni), and Harris’s Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)) on the same experimental set up. Two strings were tied around a perch, with one baited with a 20 gram mouse and the other serving as a control with a 15 gram rock tied to it. A food protection stand prevented birds from accessing the mouse from below the perch. Birds were given 60 minutes to attempt to solve the task and underwent several trials. We found three species of raptors that solved the task, including the first recorded solving of the task by a Western Screech Owl. Additionally, we observed new solve methods in Turkey Vultures. Our study illustrated how natural history can affect performance on a cognitive task as different species used different solving methods based upon their biomechanical abilities and hunting patterns.