Alumni giving has a direct impact on students’ lives. Annual gifts and endowed scholarships designated to financial aid make it possible for students to pursue their dreams, and for families to help pay for a Puget Sound education.

Thank you for helping to make that impact possible.

1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969

Class of 1960
DEDICATED VOLUNTEERS
Class Gift Agents
Randy W. Smith
Neale H. Weaver

BENEFACTOR PLAZA MEMBERS
Matthew N. Clapp Jr.
Hal S. Eastman ●
JulieAnn Foss Stuhr ●
John P. Whittall

LEGACY SOCIETY
Rita R. Stierwalt Calbom ○
Guy L. Falskow Jr. ●
Larry P. Gill ○
Alex E. Miller
Mary Ann Nelson
Peter M. Rippe ●
Marjorie D. Hull Robey ●
JulieAnn Foss Stuhr ●

THE PUGET SOUND FUND
Number of Donors: 32
 
President's Cabinet
$25,000 - $49,999

Marjorie D. Hull Robey ●
 
President's Associates
$2,500 - $4,999

JulieAnn Foss Stuhr ●
 
Donors
$1 - $999

Elizabeth A. Beckman Bell   
Carol Bryan Biles ●
Kathryn R. Boling          
Rita R. Stierwalt Calbom ○     
Lois Cameron Cooper ●
Guy L. Falskow Jr. ●
Chuck R. Fowler ●
Carolyn M. Cox Gargasz ●
Larry P. Gill ○ 
Henry Haas ○
Hannah Davison Hedrick ●
Janice E. Austin Jess ●
Russell R. Kitto ●
Roberta M. Bennett Larson ●
Dan F. McCue ●
Larry Mills ●
Carolyn B. Fletcher Mitchell ●
Susan Yarrow Morris ●
Michael E. Powers ○ 
Gwendolyn D. Sweitzer Rhodes ●
Sharlene Armitage Rivers
Elizabeth Schenken Roach ●
Gean M. Rosenbarger Smith ●
Jerry F. Smith ▲ ●
Randy W. Smith
Neale H. Weaver     
Joanne O'Neil Wilson     
Sharon E. McGuire Wright ●
Marjorie Reger Young ●
Emil L. Zurcher     
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - ENDOWMENT
Number of Donors: 2

Donors
$250,000 or more

Hal S. Eastman ●
Peter M. Rippe ●

RESTRICTED GIFTS - FACILITIES
Number of Donors: 1

Donor
$1 - $9,999
Guy L. Falskow Jr. ●

Class of 1961
BENEFACTOR PLAZA MEMBERS
Jacque M. Vogt Eastman ●
Cora Nettie P. Radmaker Lowther

LEGACY SOCIETY
Tom Barnard ●
Kenneth McGill ●
David E. Schneebeck
C. M. Smith ○
Marjorie Beadles Tuell ●
Elaine Johnson Wagner

THE PUGET SOUND FUND
Number of Donors: 29

President's Associates
$2,500 - $4,999
Lee F. Boulet ●

President's Club
$1,000 - $2,499

Patrick W. Siler     
Marjorie Beadles Tuell ●
 
Donors
$1 - $999

Robert L. Albin Jr.     
Tom Barnard ●
James D. Belcher ●
Sherry S. Dorsey Cook ●
Polly Gibbon Downer ●
Wayne C. Downer ●
Ruth M. Swanson Ferris ○ 
Virginia A. Flower ○ 
Steven E. Hagman ○    
Lorna Royall Hink ●    
W. Glenn L. Kerrick     
Dick D. Kinnaman     
Ann M. Fernalld Kinzer     
Diane L. Plee Langton ○ 
Fredric T. Langton ○ 
James E. Langton     
Sara L. Peck Langton
Carolyn Milne McAllister
Dan B. McNickle    
Leonard E. Meacham ○ 
Richard C. Nelson
Juan J. Ramos         
Nancy Campbell Roberts ●
Diane C. McDonald Romans ○ 
Bruce S. Schatz ● 
Alta Mae Mathison Westgaard ●
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - ENDOWMENT
Number of Donors: 6

Donor
$250,000 or more
Jacque M. Vogt Eastman ●

Donor
$10,000 - $99,999

Arthur M. Peterson

Donors
$1 - $9,999

Ann Albertson Deal ●
E. Fred F. Deal ●
Kenneth C. McGill●
C. M. Smith ○   
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - OTHER
Number of Donors: 2

Donors
$1 - $9,999
Karen L. Kasselman Beverly
Maija M. Ievins Moore 

Class of 1962
BENEFACTOR PLAZA MEMBERS
Wade Allison
Jeff L. Smith

LEGACY SOCIETY
Ivonna Peterson Anderson
Warren Hanson
Dorothy Jones Hawkins
Gregory Hawkins
C. Clark Montgomery ●
Mary L. Barnes Utz
Karen L. Walker Wills
Klaus D. Wills

THE PUGET SOUND FUND
Number of Donors: 35

Founders Associates
$50,000 - $99,999
C. Clark Montgomery ●

President's Club
$1,000 - $2,499

Alan E. Schlank ●
F. Leroy Sherman

Donors
$1 - $999

Leon L. Alden ●
Betty E. Blenkarn Anderson ○ 
Linda S. Kelso Austad ●
Wilson R. Bartlett Jr.     
Gary O. Carew ●
Helen A. Hartley Chapman ○ 
Bertina Christian Clare
Angela P. Hooley Clark ○ 
Maryanne McKenzie Davis ●    
Jim E. Fox ●
Dale A. Francis ●
Carol Chapin Green ●
James W. Green ●
Claudia Carr Hanhi ●
Betty L. Strobel Jameson ●
Dirk D. Jameson ●
Ronald C. Jones ●
Hanna S. Rasmussen Lange ●
Bonny Lee Liljebeck     
David W. Maddison ●
Marilyn I. McCollum Nakama ○ 
Eleanor Lee Ng ○ 
Gary L. Olson ●
David W. Owens     
Dennis M. Pederson ●
LaVonne Tiegs Poor ●
Gerry A. Rapp
Joan Davies Rapp
John W. Ratko ●
Sandra L. Boehl Robertson     
Mary A. Murrills Slaughter ●
Joseph H. Sohlberg
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - ENDOWMENT
Number of Donors: 4

Donors
$10,000 - $99,999
Joann B. Mendel Peterson

Donors
$1 - $9,999

Richard L. Hannula
F. Leroy Sherman
Richard W. Wall

RESTRICTED GIFTS - OTHER
Number of Donors: 3

Donors
$1 - $9,999
Dele B. Gunnerson ●
Jim K. Moore
Dennis M. Pederson ●

Class of 1963
BENEFACTOR PLAZA MEMBER
Scott A. Weatherwax

LEGACY SOCIETY
Gail Bouldron Adams
Rod Anderson
Norma Swanson Arnold
Robert A. Arnold
Mike Brustkern ●
Martha R. Hoyt Hanson
Lorna J. McCormick ●
Elaine S. Perdue Ramsey
Beverly Scott ●
Nola V. De Caro Tresslar ●

THE PUGET SOUND FUND
Number of Donors: 30

President's Associates
$2,500 - $4,999
Barry D. Goss ○

President's Club
$1,000 - $2,499
K. Peter P. Harder ●
Beverly Scott ●
 
Donors
$1 - $999
Robert F. Badham    
Morgia Ritchey Belcher ● 
Kay E. Lentz Chabot ○ 
Gary J. Gainer
William R. Hansen ●
Lee Ann Blessing Johnson ●
William A. Johnson ●  
Josette S. Cella Maddison ●
Kathryn Kinley Maybee ●
Merley F. McCall
Lorna J. McCormick ●
Martha Baker Merenda ●
Rollin W. Morford ● 
Robert E. Reynolds ●
Inez Chock Ritchey ●    
Julie L. Forsberg Roberts ●
Karen E. Purchase Robinson     
Lillian L. Russell     
Elizabeth K. Reed Sarsfield ●
David W. Sharrard ●
Ruth M. Wagner Sharrard ●
Margaret Langley Simmons ●
Jerry M. Thorpe
Nola V. De Caro Tresslar ●
Linda Bowman Warren 
Shirley A. Johnson Welker
Jerry J. Young   
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - ENDOWMENT
Number of Donors: 1

Donor
$1 - $9,999

Ken L. Gentili ○ 
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - FACILITIES
Number of Donors: 1

Donor
$1 - $9,999

Barry D. Goss ● 
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - OTHER
Number of Donors: 4

Donors
$1 - $9,999

Mike Brustkern ●
Joanne C. Mladenich Gustafson
Lee Ann Blessing Johnson ●
William A. Johnson ●

Class of 1964

BENEFACTOR PLAZA MEMBERS
Carol R. Colleran ●
David W. Garner ●
John A. Whalley ●

LEGACY SOCIETY
Judith A. McLean Bilderback Taylor
Elaine Hazleton Bolton ●
Thomas E. Cooke ○
Alan S. Davenport
Rich D. Hurst
John J. Jensen ●
Cherrie R. Mills ○
R. Peggy Piety Smith ●
John A. Whalley ●

THE PUGET SOUND FUND
Number of Donors: 41

President's Associates
$2,500 - $4,999
Elaine Hazleton Bolton ●
Carrie A. Farman Boulet ●
R. Peggy Piety Smith ●
John A. Whalley ●

President's Club
$1,000 - $2,499
David C. Biddison ●
Carol R. Strobel Colleran ●   
GeorgeJean Erickson ●
William A. Reilly ●
 
Donors
$1 - $999
Clyde A. Abbott
Bill H. Baarsma ▲ ●
Patty D. Baeta
Elizabeth L. Erickson Bailey ●
Christine Matson Bandettini ○
Sharon K. Bosley
Thomas E. Cooke ○   
Richard E. Coulson ●
Kenneth F. Cox ○
Alan S. Davenport 
George L. Deitz    
Gary A. Feroglia ●
Ronald E. Gardner ●
Edward A. Garred ●
Barbara J. Williams Gilchrist
Jerry A. Kaija ●
Cherrie R. Mills ○ 
James R. Montgomerie ○ 
Arthur K. Neeland ○
Ron R. Newman 
Lois E. Mohler Okrasinski ●
Fred H. Olsen
Marcia A. Reynolds Olson ●
Kenneth R. Peterson ●   
Mark W. Ritchey ● 
Diane Peterson Schultz ●
Barbara G. Scott     
John W. Simmons ●
Karen F. Taylor ●
Verna M. Peterson Todd ○ 
Virginia T. Kakazu Tully
Marlin R. Warmedahl ●
Louis C. Williams ○ 
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - ENDOWMENT
Number of Donors: 6

Donors
$1 - $9,999

Bill Baarsma ▲ ●
Fred L. Golladay
Mary J. Albertson Golladay
Ray L. Jones ●
R. Peggy Piety Smith ●
Sandra Seyler Wall
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - OTHER
Number of Donors: 3

Donors
$1 - $9,999

Bill Baarsma ▲ ●
John J. Jensen ●
John A. Whalley ●

Class of 1965
LEGACY SOCIETY
Jim Alexander
Larry N. Blake
George A. Brown
Marcia Mackellar Brown
Margaret Hubacka Cleveland
Carolyn I. Ibbotson-Woodard
Patricia Kinney Matthews
Mary Jo Oldham Risse
Robert A. Rosevear
Teiko Saito ○
Elsa Lindberg Smith ○
Carol Ayles Sutherland
Sally Jo Vasicko

THE PUGET SOUND FUND
Number of Donors: 39

President's Associates
$2,500 - $4,999
Roberta Falconer Smith ●
 
President's Club
$1,000 - $2,499
Dale Moore ●
John C. Pierce ●
 
Donors
$1 - $999
Jim H. Alexander
Edward M. Amet ●
Jerry E. Armstrong      
H. Joe Banks ●
Arthur M. Barrena ●
Rosamond Schmidt Brady
David C. Calhoun     
John D. Countryman
Julie Austin Cox ○  
Maurice F. Ekstrom ●   
Paul R. Graves ●
Steven L. Green ●
K. Joey Wright Grunden
Constance A. Hermsted Hinton ○   
LeiLani T. Lee Jackson     
Nancy L. Jeanroy Hansen ○ 
James S. Jones
Helen A. Dallas LaBouy ●
Virginia Linstrom ●
Fred K. Loffer ●
Janice L. Claypool Loffer ●
Norman R. MacDicken  
Patricia Kinney Matthews     
Virginia Leonard Minick ○ 
Ronald E. Mladenich ○
Shirley A. Gegax Moore ●
Liz Powell Redon ●
Teiko Saito ○ 
Judy A. Griesel Steuerwald ●
Gwendolyn Seales Washington     
Suzanna J. Wischmeier Wells ○ 
Maile V. Crabb Williams ●
Penny D. Williams-Young
Jan A. Edwards Wilson ●
Joel Wingard ●
Glenn C. Wright
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - ENDOWMENT
Number of Donors: 3

Donors
$10,000 - $99,999

Mary Ann Fletcher Hurley ●
 
Donors
$1 - $9,999

John P. Lawrence
Elsa Lindberg Smith ○ 
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - OTHER
Number of Donors: 4

Donors
$1 - $9,999

Nancy L. Jeanroy Hansen ○ 
Joanne L. Peters Stone ●
William G. Turner     
Sally Jo Vasicko

Class of 1966
BENEFACTOR PLAZA MEMBERS
Virginia Leavens Anderson
Kiseko M. Takahashi
Joanie Platt Welch ●

LEGACY SOCIETY
Roberta Kunto Daniel
Peg Greiwe ●
Oliver M. Hidden
Joanie Platt Welch ●
Gary E. Wilson
Ronald B. Woodard

THE PUGET SOUND FUND
Number of Donors: 43

President's Associates
$5,000 - $9,999
Edward A. Backus ●

President's Associates
$2,500 - $4,999
Kelly B. Nesheim
Joanie Platt Welch ●

President's Club
$1,000 - $2,499
Douglas V. Alling ●
Alfred R. Benaroya
Ardith Oldridge Pierce ●
 
Donors
$1 - $999
Alvin E. Aosved     
Meladee A. May Beeson ●
Ingrid Bentzen ● 
Gary A. Burns ○  
Margaret L. Carlson Callahan ○ 
Thomas A. Callahan ○   
Ronald A. Cygan ●
Linda J. Federico-Pearn ●
James S. Galka ○ 
Peg Greiwe ●
Marcy J. Pederson Hanson
David N. Haugen ○   
Russell M. Heglund ●
Rebecca L. Blair Helm ●
Dennis D. Hinton ○    
John C. Jensen ●
Clint Kelley Jr. ●
Jane Kennedy Kelley ●
Leotagail Copstead Kramer   
Kittie A. Zittel Marrone ●
Susan J. Schieber Martin         
Janice L. Nichols McLemore ●
Mary E. Prine Metzger     
William E. Morgan ●
Mark W. Morgenthaler     
James A. Nelson     
Victor A. Nelson ○     
Ellen L. Giroux Palo  
Charles B. Pass ●   
Robert E. Rector ●
Judy Hugo Richards ●
Derrol H. Sater ●
Robbin Bushnell Sullivan ●
Janet C. Beck Thorp ●   
John J. Ullis ○ 
Lucinda Seymour Wingard ●
Susan E. Walker Wright ○ 
 

RESTRICTED GIFTS - ENDOWMENT
Number of Donors: 4

Donors
$1 - $9,999
Robert J. Harper
Clark G. Parsons ○
Gerald R. Reilly ●
Elizabeth K. Hill Richmond 

RESTRICTED GIFTS - OTHER
Number of Donors: 6

Donors
$1 - $9,999

Bruce C. Deitz ●
Oliver M. Hidden
Andrea Watt Jewell ●
John P. Jewell ●
Theron W. Stone ●  
Joanie Platt Welch ●

Class of 1967
DEDICATED VOLUNTEER
Class Gift Agent

Domenick J. Federico
 
BENEFACTOR PLAZA MEMBER

Norman C. Jacox ●
 
LEGACY SOCIETY

Amy D. Carlson ●
Patricia D. Tooley Constantino   
Norman C. Jacox ●
Linda R. Baum Lewis
Janet McLellan-Cochran 
Linda L. Sanderson Melvin ●
Jerry V. Ramsey   
Glen E. Sibley   
 
THE PUGET SOUND FUND

Number of Donors: 46

President's Associates
$2,500 - $4,999
Gordon R. Cooke ●
John F. Kelly ●
 
President's Club

$1,000 - $2,499
Ali A. Al Shamlan     
Amy D. Carlson ●
Sue L. Stover Daniels ●
John M. Finney ▲ ●
Karen E. Peterson Finney ●
Richard W. Lea ●
Linda L. Sanderson Melvin ●
Debbie Brewitt Regala ● 
Laurel A. Frahm Reilly ●
 
Donors

$1 - $999
Edward L. Adams ● 
Dorothy Miller Addison ● 
William E. Bates     
Louis L. Berquest     
Gary R. Birchler ● 
Margaret Chesebrough Brown ● 
Kenneth C. Brownlee ○
Woodrow J. Christensen ○
Sandra Mock Conant ● 
Jean L. Crosetto Deitz     
Karen J. Smith Ernst     
Joan M. Langland Flinn     
Glenna A. Glover ○
Susan K. Bordner Graves ● 
Jacqueline R. Hofto ● 
Norman C. Jacox ● 
Errol I. Johnson ● 
Ronald J. Kunst     
Kenneth B. Luplow ○
Janet Macarthur Montgomerie ○
Alan G. Nordell ● 
David R. Normile ● 
Gary L. Palo     
Clark G. Parsons ○
Steven C. Perry     
Susan J. Volkstorf Prescott     
Dorothy J. Morris Rhodes ● 
Robert L. Roark ● 
Donald K. Seavy     
Elizabeth N. Chesebrough Sepesy ● 
Karen N. Hakala Sillifant ● 
Clifford C. Whipple     
Janet Barton Whitehead     
John W. Whitehead     
Marcia Hamann Wolfe  
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - OTHER

Number of Donors: 1

Donor
$1 - $9,999

Alan G. Nordell ● 

Class of 1968
DEDICATED VOLUNTEER
Class Gift Agent
Alice Ann Glenn ●
 
BENEFACTOR PLAZA MEMBERS
Dennis W. Bakke
Lowell G. Daun
Linda Dyer Freeman
Alice Ann Glenn ●
 
LEGACY SOCIETY
Dennis W. Bakke   
Carol A. Dahlstrom   
Lowell G. Daun ●
Kathy L. Schiller Judkins ●
Peter J. Lewis
Clay Loges   
George H. Mills ▲ ●
Edith M. Zimmermann Moore
Patricia K. Madson Sievers
 
THE PUGET SOUND FUND
Number of Donors: 55
 
President's Club
$1,000 - $2,499
James A. Cooke ●
Alice Ann Glenn ●
Kathy L. Schiller Judkins ●
Brian D. Kearns ●
Jack H. Ludwick ●
Eligio L. Regala ●
 
Donors
$1 - $999
Carolanne Matheson Aosved     
James B. Balz     
Val G. Brustad ● 
Georgia Buell-Adams ● 
Rick E. Carr ● 
Robin J. Davis Case     
Patricia Garber Chesebro     
Jou Kang Chow ● 
Sharon Bell Crosby ● 
James E. Daniels     
Rosa Gourdine Franklin ● 
Kerby F. Gault      
Gary M. Hagstrom     
Suzanne Scherdin Haizlip     
Judy Kippenhan Halstead     
Gregory K. Jackson     
Kathleen M. Williams Jett ○
David R. Jones ● 
Gloria R. Joyner ○
Stephen J. Kneeshaw ● 
Anne Fitzgerald Larrabee     
Don R. Layfield ● 
James W. Lindsay ● 
Clay N. Loges     
Ralph M. Lovelace ● 
Larry D. MacLaren ○
Stuart J. Maier     
Carol A. Stebbins Mariano ● 
Hugh F. Martin ● 
Susan C. Arthur Martin ● 
Ruth Keller McFadden ● 
Donald M. Moulton      
Barbara J. Souther Murray     
Harold M. Neace ● 
David S. Nelson     
Jane E. O'Dell ● 
Judy L. Orlando ○
Shiela Keil Osheroff     
George G. Philip     
Joan Oliver Riley     
Hugh J. Rupprecht ● 
Elaine L. Salisbury ● 
Aileen E. McClurg Schweitzer     
Karen S. Spence ● 
Gary L. Teichroew ● 
Nicola G. Tollefson ○
Lloyd G. Whiton     
Gail A. Plee Woodard ● 
Robert G. Woodford     
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - ENDOWMENT
Number of Donors: 7

Donor
$100,000 - $249,999

Carol A. Dahlstrom

Donor
$10,000 - $99,999

Dennis W. Bakke

Donors
$1 - $9,999

Sylvia O. Hannula 
George H. Mills ▲ ●
Karen E. Nelson Vescovi
Craig C. Voegele ○
Steve White     
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - FACILITIES
Number of Donors: 1

Donors
$10,000 - $99,999

George H. Mills ▲ ●
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - OTHER
Number of Donors: 6

Donors
$1 - $9,999

Marvin R. French ● 
Brian D. Kearns ● 
George H. Mills ▲ ●
Julie Jueling Neff-Lippman ▲ ●
Donald V. Pulisevich     
Zeke D. Schuldt     

Class of 1969
BENEFACTOR PLAZA MEMBERS
Dorothy Dooley Daun
Miller Freeman III

LEGACY SOCIETY
Dorothy Dooley Daun
Jerald L. King
Nilmah Gray Mills ●
Jim L. Rawn
Jamie M. Will

THE PUGET SOUND FUND
Number of Donors: 55

President's Council
$5,000 - $9,999
W. Dean Henry ●
Nancy Cooper Hooper ●
Bill Nelson ●

President's Club
$1,000 - $2,499
Lee W. Kopelke ●
Thomas W. Pearson ○ 
Jack A. Seaborn ●
Jamie M. Will     
 
Donors
$1 - $999
Joyce A. Gardner Anderson ● 
Tom T. Berg ● 
John A. Birnel ● 
Carolyn J. Boyd ● 
Ruth E. DeCann Caputo ● 
Christina Maynard Cardenas ● 
Roberta E. Pelton Chapman ○
Mary Nothdurft Clark ● 
Emily Breitenstein Cockrell      
Stacy A. Korich Colombel     
Christine M. Wyckoff Cordes ● 
Wilma J. Lofgren Eads ● 
Deb Repp Flaherty ● 
Ann K. Derthick Graser     
Sue M. Rasell Griffith ● 
Helen A. Whiteford Gronquist     
Jan E. Lindtwed Grouse     
Paige Rasmussen Hagstrom     
Larry R. Hall ● 
Jenny V. Hartley ● 
James R. Henderson ● 
Virginia Soule Hietpas     
Tom R. Hulst     
Theodore M. Johnson ● 
William L. Keller Jr.     
Marilyn Mullin Kelley     
Bobbi Bliss Kneeshaw ● 
James B. Lewis     
Donna Coats Lindsay ● 
Denise C. Hinton Maaranen ● 
Janie O. Munro Maki     
Dean P. Neel     
Mary D. Cruver Neel     
Susan J. Knudsen Nelson     
Mary Stebbins Norton     
Janice S. Olinger     
Marilyn L. Minnitti O'Malley Hicks ○
Diane E. Phillips Perkins     
Ann E. Pollock Johnson ● 
Byron L. Ristvet     
Philip L. Schneider ● 
David C. Sherbrooke ○
Louis C. Smith     
Peter T. Stanley     
Sandra L. Browning Teichroew ● 
Stephen S. Todd ○
Robert J. Vernetti     
Richard S. Wilson ● 
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - ENDOWMENT
Number of Donors: 6

Donor
$100,000 - $249,999

W. Dean Henry ●

Donor
$10,000 - $99,999

Larry T. Yok
 
Donors
$1 - $9,999

Ruth E. DeCann Caputo ●
Nilmah Gray Mills ●
Bill C. Nelson ●
Susan Curran White     
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - FACILITIES
Number of Donors: 1

Donor
$10,000 - $99,999

Nilmah Gray Mills ●
 
RESTRICTED GIFTS - OTHER
Number of Donors: 4

Donors
$1 - $9,999

Nilmah Gray Mills ●
Judith M. Ates Scott     
Emily P. Miller Smith
Timothy P. Strong ▲ ●